Fig. 2.A Systolic blood pressure (SBP), B) diastolic blood pressure (DBP), C heart rate (HR), and D hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SatO2) before, during, and after food and water deprivation (FWD). Data are given as mean, minimum (min), and maximum (max) values.
Metabolic and Electrolyte Changes
We found that serum glucose decreased significantly to the lowest mean value of 3.4 mmol/l (60 mg/dl) on day 3 (pw3 = 0.007) followed by an increase on days 4 and 5, whereas serum osmolality increased gradually during FWD, reaching its maximum mean value of 302 mOsm/l on day 5 (fig. 3). On the other hand, after 3 days of FWD, urea, Na+, and Cl- gradually increased, reaching the highest mean values of 8.2 mmol/l (49 mg/dl), 148 meq/l, and 105 meq/l on day 5. K+ increased slightly and showed the highest mean value 5.29 meq/l on day 2 (fig. 4). K+ level in 1 participant came close to the critical value of 7 meq/l but did not reach it. The participant had no complaints and no heart rhythm abnormalities.
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